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Bacterial vaginosis (BV), also known as vaginal bacteriosis or Gardnerella vaginitis, is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive bacteria.〔 Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. The discharge is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination may occur.〔 Itching is uncommon.〔〔 Occasionally there may be no symptoms. Having BV increases the risk of infection by a number of other sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. It also increases the risk of early delivery among pregnant women. BV is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina.〔 There is a change in the most common type of bacteria and a hundred to thousandfold increase in total numbers of bacteria present.〔 Risk factors include douching, new or multiple sex partners, antibiotics, and using an intrauterine device among others.〔 However, it is not considered a sexually transmitted infection. Diagnosis is suspected based on the symptoms and may be verified by testing the vaginal discharge and finding a higher than normal vaginal pH and large numbers of bacteria.〔 BV is often confused with a vaginal yeast infection or infection with Trichomonas. Usually treatment is with an antibiotic, such as clindamycin or metronidazole. These medications may also be used in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. However, the condition often recurs following treatment. Probiotics may help prevent re-occurrence. It is unclear if the use of probiotics or antibiotics affects pregnancy outcomes.〔 BV is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. The percentage of women affected at any given time varies between 5% and 70%.〔 BV is most common in parts of Africa and least common in Asia and Europe.〔 In the United States about 30% of women between the ages of 14 and 49 are affected. Rates vary considerably between ethnic groups within a country.〔 While BV like symptoms have been described for much of recorded history, the first clearly documented case occurred in 1894.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that usually smells like fish. The discharge is often white or gray in color. There may be burning with urination. Occasionally there may be no symptoms.〔 The discharge coats the walls of the vagina, and is usually without significant irritation, pain, or erythema (redness), although mild itching can sometimes occur. By contrast, the normal vaginal discharge will vary in consistency and amount throughout the menstrual cycle and is at its clearest at ovulation—about 2 weeks before the period starts. Some practitioners claim that BV can be asymptomatic in almost half of affected women, though others argue that this is often a misdiagnosis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bacterial vaginosis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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